The legend at the end of the Ultrasonic Testing section explains that "UT" in the stamping stands for Ultrasonic Test.

Section 1006b explicitly states, "The stamp face of bearing should be kept towards outside so that stamping can be seen during inspection."

Section 1002c lists "a rejectable defect as per CMI-K003" as a condition for a wheel to be categorized as requiring replacement of solid discs (RD wheels).

Table 10.6 (point 6) indicates that a substandard bolt may fail in service, causing damage to the front cover and bearings.

Section 1007 explicitly states that only cotton cloth free from fluff should be used, and cotton waste should never be used.

Table 10.5 in section 1006a lists the maximum permissible clearance for SKF make bearings as 0.33 mm.

Section A.3.2 states that all low angle perspex wedges should be regularly checked at 6-month intervals.

The table in section A.2 specifies that lubricant grease (as recommended for the bearings) should be used for far-end and near-end low angle scanning.

The "Near and low angle scanning" section states that this technique is used to test areas which cannot be tested by far-end scanning, like the raised portion or shadow zone (wheel seat).

The "Trace delay technique" section explains that in this method, the specimen is tested part by part with a normal probe.

The annexure on Ultrasonic Testing describes the far-end scanning technique as covering the full length of the axle to detect fatigue cracks and other defects.

Section 1009b advises that coaches grounded for a long time should be shunted up and down at regular intervals.

Section 1009b lists a "Hot axle box" as one of the first defects for which a coach should be detached from service.

Section 1009a(iii) describes shelling as "pieces of metal breaking out of the tread surface in several places more or less continuously around the rim."

The guidelines in section 1009a(iii) define a shattered rim as a fracture on the tread or flange, requiring the wheel to be withdrawn from service.

Section 1009a(ii) states that the limit for flat surfaces on the tread is 50 mm, referencing a Railway Board letter.

Section 1006b describes induction heating as a "quick, safe, energy saving and environment friendly process."

The "Oil bath method" section in 1006b recommends heating the bearing for approximately 30 minutes to attain the temperature of 100°C to 120°C.

Section 1006b repeatedly emphasizes that the temperature of the bearing should not exceed 120°C during heating to avoid damaging its material properties.

Section 1006b explains that the labyrinth ring has an interference fit and therefore requires heating (up to 100°C) for shrink fitting onto the journal.

Section 1005e(i) specifies using a GO-NO GO thread plug gauge to check the size and thread condition of axle end holes.

Section 1005e(vi) mandates that the felt ring should be replaced and soaked in warm cylinder oil before fitting.

Section 1005e(ii) states that end locking plates should be replaced every time their folds are opened.

Section 1005d describes using a long feeler gauge inserted between the outer ring and the unloaded rollers to measure radial clearance.

Section 1005d lists "Rust/corrosion, damage or excessive fretting corrosion" as a defect that warrants bearing rejection.

Section 1005a specifies that bearings should be dismounted every alternate POH or 2 lakh km, whichever is earlier.

Section 1005a explains that spherical roller bearings have self-aligning properties, allowing them to adjust to deviations in the axle's centre line.

Section 1004 begins by stating that in passenger coaches of the Indian Railway system, only a single bearing type axle box arrangement is used.

Section 1003c provides the specific pressing pressure range of 71t to 108t for this type of axle.

Section 1003b and 1003c specify that a mixture of basic carbonate white lead paste and boiled linseed oil should be used for lubrication.

Sections 1003b and 1003c both state that when inspecting a re-bored wheel disc, the variation in measurements must not exceed 0.05 mm.

Table 10.2 in section 1003b specifies the surface finish for the wheel seat portion of an axle as 1.6 microns.

Section 1003a states that special protective covers should be fitted on the bearings to prevent entry of chips, dust, or damage during machining.

Section 1002b lists a "bent axle" as one of the primary reasons for a wheel to be categorized as requiring axle replacement (RA wheels).

Section 1001c(e) and the annexure at the end of the chapter specify that each axle should be ultrasonically tested to detect internal flaws.

Section 1001c(d) recommends using a wheel profile gauge for accurate measurement (to 0.1mm), as a simple profile gauge does not provide precise measurements.

Section 1001c(b) states that the difference in tread diameter of the two wheels on the same axle should not exceed 0.5 mm after tyre turning.

Section 1001c(i) specifies that the wheel gauge should be 1600 mm with a tolerance of +2 mm and -1 mm.

A note in section 1001b mentions a Railway Board decision that only 16.25t axles should be used for new wheel sets under ICF bogies.

Section 1001b clearly states that a wheel set is an assembly of two main components: wheel discs (solid) on both sides of the axle and the axle itself.